The relationship between the ethnic origin of the widow and her attitudes towards second couple-hood in old age.

Background:  Over the last few decades, there has been a significant growth in the size of the geriatric populations in developed countries, including Israel.  At the same time, life expectancy of the elderly has also increased. As a result there is a need to deal with the unique issues that are characteristic of the elderly.

 Owing to the difference in life expectancy for men and women, the number of female widows in particular has significantly increased. The death of a spouse is one of the hardest losses that can occur in old age and with it comes the loss of functionality and independence.  Embarking on a new relationship may assist in confronting this type of loss, alleviating loneliness and improving widows’ quality of life.

Research Aim:  This study carries out a comparison between widows from various cultural backgrounds, those of middle-eastern ethnic origin (Mizrachim) and those of western ethnic origin (Ashkenazim) and their attitude towards second couple-hood. In addition, the study examines the following mediating variables:  individualism-collectivism (horizontal and vertical), the degree of religious devoutness and of family cohesion. Satisfaction from first couple-hood is used as the control variable since it is connected to attitudes towards second couple-hood.

The study was carried out in order to highlight the factors hindering or supporting widows in their search for new relationships. Modernization and family theories are suggested as a theoretical framework for the research.

Research method: The research is quantitative and carried out on elderly widows who attend day centres and social clubs in Tel-Aviv.  Fifty elderly Mizrachi women and fifty elderly Ashkenazi widows participated in the research. The data was collated through self-reporting questionnaires.

Research findings: It was found that, in general, Ashkenazi elderly widows hold a more positive outlook towards second couple-hood. A negative correlation was found between the outlook towards second couple-hood, and family cohesion and levels of religious devoutness. It was also found that Ashkenazi elderly widows have a higher degree of individualism and a lower degree of collectivism, in comparison to Mizrachi elderly widows. Horizontal individualism and years of education were found as partial mediators of the relationship between ethnic origin and attitudes towards second couple-hood.  The discussion chapter further interprets and expands on the results of the research and offers suggestions for further research.